expression vector of a chimeric antigen receptor and anti-cancer agent

专利摘要:
the present invention relates to providing car-expressing t cells that coexpress a chimeric antigen receptor (car) and a reinforcing factor of the t cell immune function have a high effect of inducing immunity and antitumor activity and to provide a vector of car expression for the preparation of t cells expressing car. a car expression vector comprises a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (car) and a nucleic acid encoding a t cell immune enhancing factor, wherein the nucleic acid encoding a function enhancing factor immune is a nucleic acid that encodes interleukin-7 and a nucleic acid that encodes ccl19, a nucleic acid that encodes a dominant negative mutant of shp-1, or a nucleic acid that encodes a dominant negative mutant of shp-2, or a cell t expressing car introduced with the car expression vector are prepared.
公开号:BR112017006710B1
申请号:R112017006710
申请日:2015-10-06
公开日:2020-01-21
发明作者:ADACHI Keishi；Tamada Koji；Sakoda Yukimi
申请人:Univ Yamaguchi；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for VECTOR OF EXPRESSION OF A CHEMICAL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR AND ANTICANCERIGEN AGENT.
Technical Field [001] The present invention relates to a CAR expression vector, a T cell expressing CAR introduced with the CAR expression vector, and an anti-cancer agent comprising the T cell expressing CAR.
Background Art [002] A chimeric antigen receptor (in the following parts, also referred to as CAR) is an artificial chimeric protein in which a single chain antibody that recognizes a cell surface antigen on a cancer cell is fused to a region of signal transduction that induces the activation of a T cell. As shown in Figure 1, the transfer of a gene encoding CAR to a non-tumor-reactive normal peripheral blood T cell (peripheral blood T lymphocyte) enables large-scale preparation of a T cell expressing CAR (in the following parts, also referred to simply as CAR-T cell) that are capable of expressing CAR. The CAR-T cell is tumor-reactive and also causes damage to a cancer cell without depending on interaction with a major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
[003] Cancer immunotherapy by administering CAR-T cells, more specifically, therapy which involves collecting T cells from a patient, transferring a gene encoding CAR to T cells, and transferring T cells back to the patient (see non-patent document 1) is currently under clinical study worldwide and has produced results that indicate efficacy for, for example, malignant tumor in the hematopoietic organ, such as leukemia or lymphoma.
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2/53 [004] In recent years, a study on several CAR-T cells has been produced. For example, a pharmaceutical composition comprising modified autologous human T cells has been proposed comprising a nucleic acid encoding CAR consisting of a CD19 antigen binding region, a transmembrane region, a 4-1BB co-stimulatory signal region, and a signal region CD3 <(see patent document 1), one or more populations of T cells expressing therapeutically effective chimeric anti-tag antigen (AT-CAR) receptors which are administered to a subject simultaneously with or separately from a formulation of one or more more labeled proteins binding to cancer cells, where populations of T cells expressing AT-CAR bind to labeled proteins and induce cancer cell death (see patent document 2), cells comprising a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor comprising an antigen binding domain of human antibody 139, an art domain extracellular isolation, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular T cell signal transduction domain (see patent document 3), cells comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises a CD3 <signal transduction domain comprising an antigen binding domain, a transmembrane domain, a co-stimulating signal transduction region, and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 (see patent document 4), T cells Genetically engineered CD19-specific cells that express and conserve a specific CD19 chimeric receptor on their cell surface membranes, where the chimeric receptor consists of an intracellular signaling domain for the effector functions of the immunocytes, at least one transmembrane domain, and at least one extracellular domain, and the domain
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3/53 extracellular comprises a CD19-specific receptor (see patent document 5), and cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors harboring a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor comprising, as an intracellular domain, an intracellular domain of a receptor of glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor (GITR) (see patent document 6). [005] However, none of the previous techniques solved the problem of low efficiency of CAR-T cell survival in vivo or insufficient activation of endogenous T cells induced by CAR-T cells or insufficient local accumulation of them in the tumor, or the problems of immunosuppressive signals mediated by the PD-L1 / PD1 pathway which is the tumor immune escape mechanism of cancer cells, and the inhibition of the activity of CAR-T cells by immunosuppressive factors such as TGF-β or IL-10 secreted in a microenvironment carcinogenic. Therefore, there are types or cases of cancer in which no sufficient therapeutic effect is confirmed. In this way, it was desired to prepare more effective CAR-T cells, and an expression vector for the preparation of CAR-T cells.
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents [006] Patent Document 1: Publication of United States Patent Application No. 2014/0106449 [007] Patent Document 2: Publication of the unexamined Japanese Patent Application (PCT International Patent Application Translation) No 2014-504294 [008] Patent Document 3: Publication of the unexamined Japanese Patent Application (PCT International Patent Application Translation) No. 2014-516510 [009] Patent Document 4: Publication of the unexamined Japanese Patent Application (Translation of the Application for
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PCT International Patent) No. 2014-507118 [0010] Patent Document 5: Unexamined Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-004749 [0011] Patent Document 6: International Patent Publication No. WO 2013/051718
Non-Patent Documents [0012] Non-Patent Document 1: Yozo Nakazawa, The Shinshu Medical Journal, 61 (4): 197-203 (2013)
Summary of the Invention
Purpose to be Resolved by the Invention [0013] Conventional CAR-T cells were designed to enhance the ability to activate T cells containing CD28, 4-1BB, CD3 <, or the like in the CAR signal transduction region. However, conventional CAR-T cells do not sufficiently enhance the immunity-inducing effect of CAR-T cells on endogenous T cells or resistance to the immunosuppressive mechanism of a tumor microenvironment. The CAR-T cells referred to have not yet had a therapeutic effect on solid cancer. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide CAR-T cells that coexpress CAR and a T-cell immune enhancing factor and have a high immunity-inducing and anti-tumor activity effect, and to provide a CAR expression vector for the preparation of CAR-T cells.
Means to Solve the Objective [0014] The inventors tried to improve the CAR-T cells in order to obtain a better effect of inducing immunity or antitumor activity in cancer immunotherapy using CAR-T cells. During the course of it, the inventors focused on cytokines, chemokines, and signal regulatory proteins which are factors that reinforce the immune functions of T cells, and built a vector for
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5/53 coexpression of CAR and factors that enhance the immune functions of T cells. As a result of the transfer of this expression vector to T cells, the inventors found that superior CAR-T cells can be prepared in effect to induce immunity and activity. antitumor to conventional CAR-T cells, and thus completed the present invention.
[0015] Specifically, the present invention is as disclosed below.
[0016] A CAR expression vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and a nucleic acid encoding a T cell immune enhancing factor, wherein the nucleic acid encoding a boosting immune function is a nucleic acid that encodes interleukin-7 and a nucleic acid that encodes CCL19, a nucleic acid that encodes a dominant negative mutant of SHP-1, or a nucleic acid that encodes a dominant negative mutant of SHP-2.
[0017] The CAR expression vector according to (1), wherein the nucleic acid encoding an immune function enhancing factor is a nucleic acid encoding interleukin-7 and a nucleic acid encoding CCL19.
[0018] The CAR expression vector according to (2), wherein the nucleic acid encoding CAR and the nucleic acid encoding a factor enhancing immune function of T cells are linked by means of a sequence encoding a peptide of autocleavage.
The CAR expression vector according to (2) or (3), wherein the nucleic acid encoding interleukin-7 and the nucleic acid encoding CCL19 are linked by means of a sequence encoding an autocleaving peptide.
[0020] The CAR expression vector according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the CAR encoding nucleic acid contains a
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6/53 nucleic acid encoding a single chain antibody polypeptide that recognizes FITC or CD20.
The CAR expression vector according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the CAR encoding nucleic acid contains a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide from a CD8 transmembrane region.
The CAR expression vector according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the CAR encoding nucleic acid contains nucleic acids encoding polypeptides from an intracellular CD28 region, an intracellular 4-1BB region, and an intracellular CD3 region <.
[0023] A T cell expressing CAR introduced with the following vector (a) or (b):
the CAR expression vector according to any one of (1) to (7);
a CAR expression vector containing a nucleic acid that encodes CAR and a nucleic acid that encodes interleukin-7, and a CAR expression vector containing a nucleic acid that encodes CAR and a nucleic acid that encodes CCL19.
[0024] An anticancer agent comprising the T cell expressing CAR according to (8) and a pharmaceutically acceptable additive.
Effect of the Invention [0025] The use of the CAR expression vector of the present invention enables the preparation of a CAR-T cell having all the viability, the ability to accumulate lymphocytes, and cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, and a CAR-T cell having resistance to immunosuppression in a cancerous microenvironment. Immunotherapy for cancer patients using the CAR-T cell is expected to have a strong therapeutic effect on cancer and can serve as an effective cancer immunotherapy even for intractable or progressive cancer.
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Brief Description of the Drawings [0026] Figure 1 is a diagram showing the CAR structure and the basic system of cancer immunotherapy using CAR-T cells.
[0027] Figure 2 is a diagram showing a vector for the expression of CAR, interleukin-7 (IL-7), and CCL19.
[0028] Figure 3 is a diagram showing the results-1 of confirmation of the level of CAR expression in T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 by flow cytometry. The graph on the left represents a sample of stained CAR, and the graph on the right represents a sample of stained CAR.
[0029] Figure 4 is a diagram showing the results-2 of confirming the level of CAR expression in T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 by flow cytometry.
[0030] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the results of confirmation of the level of CAR expression in T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 by flow cytometry.
[0031] Figure 6 is a diagram showing the results-1 of the measurement of IL-7 and CCL19 concentrations in T-cell cellular supernatant expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 by ELISA.
[0032] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the results-2 of the measurement of IL-7 and CCL19 concentrations in T-cell cellular supernatant expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 by ELISA.
[0033] Figure 8 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the concentrations of IL-7 and CCL19 in the cell supernatant of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 by ELISA.
[0034] Figure 9 is a diagram showing the cell number of T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 stimulated and cultured for 3 days, 5 days, or 7 days.
[0035] Figure 10 is a diagram showing the survival rate
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8/53 of T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 stimulated and cultured for 3 days, 5 days, or 7 days.
[0036] Figure 11 is a diagram showing the cell number of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 stimulated and cultured for 5 days.
[0037] Figure 12 is a diagram showing the -1 results of a T cell migration test using T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19.
[0038] Figure 13 is a diagram showing the results-2 of the T cell migration test using T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL7 / CCL19.
[0039] Figure 14 is a diagram showing the results of a migration test of dendritic cells using T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19.
[0040] Figure 15 is a diagram showing the results of a T cell migration test using T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19.
[0041] Figure 16 is a diagram showing the results of examining the proliferative potential of T cells from T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 (day 5 post-stimulation).
[0042] Figure 17 is a diagram showing the results of examining the proliferative potential of T cells from T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 (days 3 and 7 post-stimulation).
[0043] Figure 18 is a diagram showing the results of examining the expression of CD127 in T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL7 / CCL19.
[0044] Figure 19 is a diagram showing the results of examining the expression of CCR7 in T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL7 / CCL19.
[0045] Figure 20 is a diagram showing the results of
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9/53 examine the change in tumor volume when T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were administered to mice with cancer.
[0046] Figure 21 is a diagram showing the results of examining the survival rate of a mouse when T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were administered to mice with cancer.
[0047] Figure 22 is a diagram showing the results of examining the survival rate of a mouse when T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were administered to mice after subcutaneous inoculation of P815-hCD20 and administration subsequent cyclophosphamide.
[0048] Figure 23 is a diagram showing the results of examining the tumor volume of a mouse when T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were administered to mice after subcutaneous inoculation of P815-hCD20 and subsequent administration cyclophosphamide.
[0049] Figure 24 is a diagram showing 1/10 of the numerical values on the ordinate axis of the CPA + 7 ^ 19 graph in Figure 23.
[0050] Figure 25 is a diagram showing the results of observing tumor tissues by H&E staining when T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were administered to mice after subcutaneous inoculation of P815hCD20.
[0051] Figure 26 is a diagram showing the results of immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues when T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were administered to mice after subcutaneous inoculation of P815-hCD20.
[0052] Figure 27 is a diagram showing the results of the
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10/53 quantification of the positive region marked by fluorescent staining in Figure 26.
[0053] Figure 28 is a diagram showing the results of examining a tumor volume when T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7, T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-CCL19, or T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL -7 / CCL19 antihumans were administered to mice after subcutaneous inoculation of P815-hCD20.
[0054] Figure 29 (a) is a diagram showing a vector for the expression of CAR and a dominant negative mutant of SHP1 (Domain of the homology region of Src 2 containing phosphatase-1). Figure 29 (b) is a diagram showing a vector for the expression of CAR and a dominant negative mutant of SHP2 (Domain of the Src 2 homology region containing phosphatase-2).
[0055] Figure 30 (a) is a diagram showing the results of a test for cytotoxic activity using T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-SHP1DN. Figure 30 (b) is a diagram showing a test for cytotoxic activity using T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-SHP2DN.
[0056] Figure 31 is a diagram showing the results of examining cytotoxic activity against tumor cells by mixing P815-hCD20 in the presence of T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 and FITC-bound rituximab.
[0057] Figure 32 is a diagram showing the results of examining cytotoxic activity against tumor cells by mixing P815-hCD20 with T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19.
[0058] Figure 33 is a diagram showing the results of analysis of CD4, CD8, CD44, and CD62L for superficial leukocyte phenotypes by flow cytometry when T cells expressing
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CD20 anti-human CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were administered to mice after subcutaneous inoculation of P815-hCD20.
[0059] Figure 34 is a diagram showing the results of examining T cell proliferation by flow cytometry when spleen leukocytes were stimulated by culture for 4 days with mitomycin-treated P815hCD20.
Mode of Carrying Out the Invention The CAR expression vector of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the CAR expression vector comprises a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen (CAR) receptor and a nucleic acid encoding a T cell immune enhancing factor, where the nucleic acid encoding an immune enhancing factor is a nucleic acid encoding interleukin-7 and a nucleic acid encoding CCL19, a nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative mutant of SHP-1, or a nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative SHP-2 mutant. The chimeric antigen receptor means an artificial chimeric protein in which a single chain antibody that recognizes a cell surface antigen on a cancer cell is fused with a signal transduction region that induces the activation of a T cell, through a region transmembrane.
[0061] In the present invention, the nucleic acid encoding CAR is not particularly limited as long as the nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide that constitutes CAR. The nucleic acid encoding CAR comprises nucleic acids encoding polypeptides of a single chain antibody that recognizes a cell surface antigen on a cancer cell, a transmembrane region, and a signal transduction region that induces activation of a T cell.
[0062] The single chain antibody in CAR consists of a light chain variable region and a heavy chain variable region
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12/53 (scFv) derived from the antigen binding site of a monoclonal antibody. Examples thereof can include an oligopeptide or a polypeptide in which a linker peptide is positioned between the light chain variable region and the heavy chain variable region.
[0063] The cell surface antigen on a cancer cell that is recognized by the single chain antibody may have a biological molecule specifically expressed on a cancer cell and a progenitor cell thereof, a biological molecule found to be expressed in a new way due to malignant transformation of a cell, or a biological molecule whose expression level is increased in a cancer cell compared to a normal cell. Examples of these may include CD20, EGFR, FITC, CD19, CD22, CD33, PSMA, GD2, EGFR variants, ROR1, c-Met, HER2, CEA, mesothelin, GM2, CD7, CD10, CD30, CD34, CD38, CD41, CD44, CD74, CD123 CD133, CD171, MUC16, MUC1, CS1 (CD319), IL-13Ra2, BCMA, Lewis Y, IgG kappa chain, alpha folate receptor, PSCA, and EpCAM.
[0064] The signal transduction region that induces T cell activation is a region that is capable of intracellular signal transduction when the single chain antibody recognizes the cell surface antigen on a cancer cell. The signal transduction region that induces T cell activation preferentially comprises at least one or more polypeptides selected from polypeptides of γ chain intracellular regions associated with Fc, CD28, 4-1BB (CD137), GITR, CD27 receptors , OX40, HVEM, and CD3 <, and more preferably comprises polypeptides from three intracellular regions of CD28, 4-1BB, and CD3 <.
These polypeptides from the intracellular regions can be linked by means of an oligopeptide linker or a polypeptide linker consisting of 2 to 10 amino acids. Examples of
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13/53 a similar ligand sequence can include consecutive glycine-serine sequences.
[0066] Examples of the transmembrane region according to the present invention may include polypeptides from transmembrane regions derived from CD8, α and β chains of T cell receptors, CD28, CD3s, CD45, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD9, CD16, CD22 , CD33, CD37, CD64, CD80, CD86, CD134, CD137, CD154, and GITR and preferably can include a polypeptide from a human CD8 transmembrane region. CAR is anchored to the cell membranes of a T cell through this transmembrane region.
[0067] The transmembrane region can comprise a hinge region consisting of an arbitrary oligopeptide or polypeptide and is 1 to 100 amino acids in length, preferably 10 to 70 amino acids. Examples of the hinge region can include a human CD8 hinge region.
[0068] A spacer region consisting of an arbitrary oligopeptide or polypeptide may be located between the single chain antibody that recognizes a cell surface antigen on a cancer cell and the transmembrane region or between the transmembrane region and the signal transduction region which induces activation of T cells. Examples of the length of the spacer region can include 1 to 100 amino acids, preferably 10 to 50 amino acids. Examples of a similar spacer region can include consecutive glycine-serine sequences.
[0069] In the present invention, the nucleic acid encoding a T cell function enhancing factor is not particularly limited as long as the nucleic acid is an IL-7 encoding nucleic acid and a CCL19 encoding nucleic acid (in the parts that the following, also collectively referred to as the present nucleic acid 1), a nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative SHP-1 mutant
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14/53 (in the following parts, also referred to as the present nucleic acid 2), or a nucleic acid that encodes a dominant negative SHP-2 mutant (in the following parts, also referred to as the present nucleic acid 3). The nucleic acid can comprise a plurality of nucleic acids selected from the present nucleic acids 1 to 3 and can specifically comprise the present nucleic acid 1 and the present nucleic acid 2, the present nucleic acid 1 and the present nucleic acid 3, the present acid nucleic 2 and the present nucleic acid 3, the present nucleic acid 1 and the present nucleic acid 2 and the present nucleic acid 3.
[0070] The nucleic acid encoding IL-7 and the nucleic acid encoding CCL19 in the present nucleic acid 1 can comprise a nucleic acid encoding IL-7 and a nucleic acid encoding CCL19, and the nucleic acid encoding CCL19 can be located upstream or downstream of the IL-7 encoding nucleic acid.
[0071] The nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative SHP1 mutant is not particularly limited as long as the nucleic acid encodes a mutant SHP1 that functions dominantly over SHP1 and can inhibit the effect of SHP1. Examples thereof may include a nucleic acid that encodes a mutant consisting of an amino acid sequence derived from the SHP1 amino acid sequence by replacing at least one amino acid with another amino acid and can inhibit the effect of SHP1. The nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative SHP2 mutant is not particularly limited as long as the nucleic acid encodes a mutant SHP2 that functions dominantly over SHP2 and can inhibit the effect of SHP2. Examples thereof may include a nucleic acid that encodes a mutant consisting of an amino acid sequence derived from the SHP2 amino acid sequence by substituting at least one
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15/53 amino acid by another amino acid and can inhibit the effect of SHP2.
The CAR expression vector of the present invention may comprise an arbitrary nucleic acid between the nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor and the nucleic acid encoding a T cell immune enhancing factor, among a plurality of nucleic acids selected from the present nucleic acid 1, the present nucleic acid 2, and the present nucleic acid 3, or between the nucleic acid encoding IL-7 and the nucleic acid encoding CCL19 in the present nucleic acid 1 provided that each nucleic acid can be expressed. These nucleic acids are preferably linked via a sequence encoding an autocleaving peptide (peptide 2A) or IRES (internal ribozyme entry site), preferably a sequence encoding peptide 2A. Binding using this sequence allows for effective expression of each nucleic acid.
[0073] Peptide 2A is a virus-derived autocleaving peptide and is characterized by the fact that GP (position of residue 1 at the end of C) in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is cleaved in the endoplasmic reticulum (Szymczak et al., Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 5 (5): 627-638 (2005)). Therefore, nucleic acids incorporated into the flank of peptide 2A are expressed intracellularly independently of each other.
[0074] Peptide 2A preferably is peptide 2A derived from picornavirus, rotavirus, insect virus, Aphthovirus, or Trypanosoma virus, more preferably peptide 2A derived from picornavirus (F2A) shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0075] The nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor can be prepared by a technique known in the art, such as a chemical synthesis method or a PCR amplification method, based on nucleotide sequences encoding the poly
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16/53 single chain antibody peptides against a cell surface antigen on a cancer cell, the transmembrane region, and the signal transduction region that induces T cell activation. Codons selected to encode amino acids can be modified to optimize the expression of nucleic acids in a host cell of interest.
[0076] Information on nucleotide sequences encoding the polypeptides of the single chain antibody against a cell surface antigen on a cancer cell, the transmembrane region, and the signal transduction region that induces T cell activation, can be obtained appropriately from documents known in the art or by searching the NCBI database (http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.Qov/quide/) or similar.
[0077] For example, information on nucleotide sequences encoding polypeptides from transmembrane regions CD28, 4-1 BB, and CD3 <can be obtained in the signal transduction region that properly induces T cell activation by searching the NCBI or similar. Examples of these may include strings registered in GenBank No: NM_006139.2 (updated date: May 10, 2014) for human CD28, in GenBank No: NM_001561.5 (updated date: March 16, 2014) for 4-1 BB human, and GenBank No: NM_000734.3 (updated date: August 12, 2014) for CD3 <human.
[0078] Information on a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide from a human CD8 transmembrane region can be obtained appropriately by searching an NCBI database or similar. Examples of these may include a string registered at GenBank No: NM_001768.6 (updated date: 10 May 2014).
[0079] Sequence information can also be obtained
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17/53 nucleotides encoding the single chain antibody polypeptide by preparing a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the target cell surface antigen, determining the amino acid sequence of the monoclonal antibody by a method known in the art such as the Edman method, and by acquiring the information based on the amino acid sequence. Examples of the method for preparing the monoclonal antibody may include a method of preparation using hybridomas, a method of preparation which involves transforming a host with an expression vector containing the antibody gene by a genetic engineering approach, and a method of preparation which involves immunizing a transgenic animal with the desired antigen.
[0080] The nucleic acid encoding a T-cell immune enhancing factor, that is, the nucleic acid encoding IL-7 and the nucleic acid encoding CCL19, the nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative SHP- 1, or the nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative SHP-2 mutant, can be prepared by a technique known in the art, such as a chemical synthesis method or a PCR amplification method, based on their respective nucleotide sequences . Codons selected to encode amino acids can be modified in order to optimize the expression of nucleic acids in a host cell of interest. [0081] Information can also be obtained about the nucleic acid encoding IL-7 and the nucleic acid encoding CCL19, the nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative mutant of SHP-1, or the nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative mutant of SHP-2 appropriately from documents known in the art or by searching the NCBI database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ guide /) or similar.
[0082] The nucleic acid encoding IL-7 can be suitably
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18/53 selected according to the type of a cell to which the CAR expression vector of the present invention is transferred. Examples of the same may include a nucleic acid encoding the human IL-7 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3). A nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, additionally preferably 95% or more, most preferably 98% or more of identity with the sequence of nucleotides shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 can be used as long as the effect of enhancing the rate of IL-7 cell proliferation is maintained.
[0083] The nucleic acid encoding CCL19 can be suitably selected according to the type of a cell to which the CAR expression vector of the present invention is transferred. Examples of the same may include a nucleic acid encoding the human CCL19 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 4). A nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, additionally preferably 95% or more, most preferably 98% or more of identity with the sequence of nucleotides shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 can be used as long as the chemoattractive effect of CCL19 on a T cell is maintained.
[0084] The nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative SHP-1 mutant can be suitably selected according to the type of a cell to which the CAR expression vector of the present invention is transferred. Examples of this may include a nucleic acid that encodes the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:
5) a dominant negative mutant of human SHP-1. A nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, additionally preferred 95% or more, most preferably
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98% or more identity with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 can be used as long as the dominant negative mutant of SHP-1 can inhibit the effect of SHP-1. In SEQ ID NO: 5, serine at position 453 is a mutated site.
[0085] The nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative SHP-2 mutant can be appropriately selected according to the type of a cell to which the CAR expression vector of the present invention is transferred. Examples of this may include a nucleic acid that encodes the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:
6) a dominant negative mutant of human SHP-2. A nucleotide sequence having 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, additionally preferably 95% or more, most preferably 98% or more of identity with the sequence of nucleotides shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 can be used as long as the dominant negative mutant of SHP-2 can inhibit the effect of SHP-2. In SEQ ID NO: 6, serine at position 459 is a mutated site.
The CAR expression vector of the present invention can be linear or circular and can be a non-viral vector such as a plasmid, a viral vector, or a vector based on a transposon. A similar vector can contain control sequences such as a promoter and a terminator, and a selective marker sequence such as a drug resistance gene or a reporter gene. The nucleic acid encoding CAR or the nucleic acid encoding a boosting factor for T cell immune function is located operatively downstream of the promoter sequence so that each nucleic acid can be effectively transcribed. Furthermore, the expression of the nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor can be easily confirmed due to the marker gene contained therein.
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The CAR expression vector of the present invention can contain a nucleic acid that encodes a suicide gene. The position of the suicide gene is not particularly limited, and the suicide gene can be located, via a sequence encoding peptide 2A or IRES, downstream of the promoter for the expression of the nucleic acid encoding IL-7, of the nucleic acid encoding CCL19, the nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative SHP-1 mutant, or the nucleic acid encoding a dominant negative SHP-2 mutant and upstream or downstream of each of these nucleic acids, or may be located downstream of an additional promoter. The CAR expression vector of the present invention containing the nucleic acid encoding a suicide gene makes it possible to control the number of a T cell expressing CAR in vivo by administering a drug that activates the functions of the suicidal gene according to the course of treatment cancer, for example, when the tumor has disappeared.
[0088] Examples of the suicidal gene may include the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSV-TK) and inducible caspase 9 genes described in the documents provided below. Examples of drugs that activate the functions of these genes may include ganciclovir for the primer and an ICD compound (chemical dimerization induction) AP1903 for the latter (Cooper LJ., Et al., Cytotherapy. 2006; 8 (2): 105- 17; Jensen MC et al., Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2010 Sep; 16 (9): 1245-56; Jones BS. Front Pharmacol. 2014 Nov 27; 5: 254; Minagawa K., Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2015 May 8; 8 (2): 23049; and Bole-Richard E., Front Pharmacol. 2015 Aug 25; 6: 174).
[0089] Examples of the viral vector may include retrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors, adenovirus vectors, and adeno-associated virus vectors and preferably may include retrovirus vectors, more preferably a pMSGV vector (Tamada k et al., Clin Cancer Res 18: 6436-6445 (2002)) and a pMSCV vector (manufactured by
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Takara Bio Inc.). Through the use of a retrovirus vector, a transgene is integrated into the genomes of a host cell and, therefore, can be expressed stably over a long period. The CAR expressing T cell of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the CAR expressing T cell is a T cell obtained by transferring (a) the CAR expression vector of the present invention or a T cell obtained by means of transferring (b) at least two vectors: a CAR expression vector containing a nucleic acid encoding CAR and a nucleic acid encoding interleukin-7 (expression vector CAR-IL-
7) and a CAR expression vector containing a nucleic acid that encodes CAR and a nucleic acid that encodes CCL19 (expression vector CAR-CCL19). Examples of the method for transferring the CAR expression vector of the present invention or the CAR-IL-7 expression vector and the CAR-CCL19 expression vector to a T cell may include, but are not particularly limited to, transfer methods by methods known in the art, such as a method of viral infection, a method of calcium phosphate, lipofection, microinjection, and electroporation, and preferably may include a method of viral infection. The CAR-IL-7 expression vector can contain the nucleic acid encoding CAR and the nucleic acid encoding interleukin-7. The CAR-CCL19 expression vector can contain the nucleic acid that encodes CAR and the nucleic acid that encodes CCL19. In accordance with the CAR expression vector of the present invention, these expression vectors may each contain an additional nucleic acid such as a nucleic acid encoding the 2A peptide, IRES, or a suicide gene as long as each nucleic acid can be expressed.
[0091] Examples of the method of viral infection may include a method which involves transfection of a packaging cell.
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22/53 as well as the GP2-293 cell (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.), the Plat-GP cell (manufactured by Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd.), PG13 cell (ATCC CRL10686), or the PA317 cell (ATCC CRL-9078) with the CAR expression vector of the present invention and a packaging plasmid to prepare recombinant viruses and infect a T cell with the recombinant viruses. The viral infection method can be performed using a commercially available kit such as the Retrovirus packaging Kit Eco (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.).
[0092] The transfer of the CAR expression vector of the present invention to the T cell can be confirmed by examining CAR expression by flow cytometry, Northern blotting, Southern blotting, PCR such as RT-PCR, ELISA, or Western blotting, or by examining the expression of a marker gene inserted into the vector.
[0093] Examples of the T cell may include a human-derived T cell and a non-human mammalian T cell (e.g., dog, cat, pig, or mouse). Alternatively, the T cell can be obtained by isolating and purifying a body fluid such as blood or bone marrow fluid, spleen, thymus, lymph node tissue, or the like, or immunocytes infiltrating the cancerous tissues of a primary tumor, metastatic tumor , cancerous ascites, or the like. Examples of said T cell may include apT cell, yT cell, CD8 + T cell, CD4 + T cell, tumor infiltrating T cell, memory T cell, naive T cell, and NKT cell.
[0094] The single chain antibody expressed by the T cell expressing CAR of the present invention is positioned extracellularly. The T cell expressing CAR having this single chain antibody is able to recognize a tumor associated antigen (TAA) expressed on the surface of the cancer cell.
[0095] The CAR expressing T cell of the present invention can harbor a vector containing a nucleic acid that encodes a gene
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23/53 in addition to the CAR expression vector of the present invention. [0096] The anti-cancer agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the anti-cancer agent comprises the T cell expressing CAR of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable additive. Examples of the additive may include saline, buffered saline, cell culture medium, dextrose, injectable water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof, stabilizers, solubilizers and surfactants, buffers and antiseptics, tonicity agents, fillers, and lubricants.
[0097] The anti-cancer agent of the present invention can be administered to a test subject in need of cancer treatment using a method known to those skilled in the art. Examples of the method of administration may include intravenous, intratumoral, intracutaneous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intramedullary, intracardiac, intraarticular, intrasynovial, intracranial, intrathecal, and subarachnoidal (spinal fluid) injection.
[0098] The amount of T cells expressing CAR of the present invention contained in the anti-cancer agent to be administered can be adjusted accordingly according to the type, position, and severity of the cancer, age, body weight, and condition of the cancer. test subject receiving treatment, etc. Examples of it preferably can include 1 χ 10 ⁴ to 1 χ 10 ¹⁰ cells, preferably 1 x 10 ⁵ to 1 χ 10 ⁹ cells, more preferably 5 χ 10 ⁶ to 5 χ 10 ⁸ cells, in one single dose.
[0099] The anticancer agent to be administered can be administered independently 4 times, 3 times, twice, or once a day, in an interval of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, or 5 days, once a week, at an interval of 7 days, 8 days, or 9 days, twice a week, once a month, or twice a month. [00100] Examples of cancer for the cancer anticancer agent
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24/53 feels an invention or a cancer treatment method mentioned later may include: cancers such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell cancer, adenosquamous cancer, undifferentiated cancer, large cell cancer, small cell cancer, skin cancer, breast cancer , prostate cancer, urinary bladder cancer, vaginal cancer, neck cancer, uterine cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, spleen cancer, lung cancer, tracheal cancer, bronchial cancer, colon cancer, cancer small intestine, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, gallbladder cancer, testicular cancer, and ovarian cancer; cancers of bone tissue, cartilage tissue, fat tissue, muscle tissue, vascular tissue, and hematopoietic tissue; sarcomas such as chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant hemangioendothelioma, malignant schvanoma, osteosarcoma, and soft tissue sarcoma; blastomas such as hepatoblastoma, medulloblastoma, nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, pancreatoblastoma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, and retinoblastoma; embryonic cell tumor; lymphoma; and leukemia.
[00101] The anti-cancer agent of the present invention can be used in combination with an additional anti-cancer agent. Examples of the additional anti-cancer agent may include: alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide, bendamustine, Ifosfamide, and dacarbazine; antimetabolites such as pentostatin, fludarabine, cladribine, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, and enocitabine; molecularly targeted drugs such as rituximab, cetuximab, and trastuzumab; kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, dasatinib, sunitinib, and trametinib; proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib; calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus; anticancer antibiotics such as idarubicin, doxorubicin mitomycin C; vegetable alkaloids such as irine
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25/53 tecan and etoposide; platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin; hormonal therapies such as tamoxifen and bicalutamide; and immunoregulatory drugs such as interferon, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab, and preferably may include alkylating agents and antimetabolites, more preferably cyclophosphamide.
[00102] The method for using the anti-cancer agent of the present invention in combination with the additional anti-cancer agent may include a method of using the additional anti-cancer agent in the treatment, followed by the use of the anti-cancer agent of the present invention, a method using the agent simultaneously anti-cancer agent of the present invention and the additional anti-cancer agent, and a method of using the anti-cancer agent of the present invention in treatment, followed by the use of the additional anti-cancer agent and preferably may include a method of using the additional anti-cancer agent in treatment, followed by use of the anti-cancer agent of the present invention. The combined use of the anti-cancer agent of the present invention and the additional anti-cancer agent further improves the therapeutic effects on cancer and can also reduce the adverse effects of each anti-cancer agent by decreasing the frequency of administration or the dose of the anti-cancer agent. In addition, the additional anti-cancer agent may be contained in the anti-cancer agent of the present invention.
[00103] Examples of alternative aspect 1 of the present invention may include 1) a method for the treatment of cancer, comprising administering the T cell expressing CAR of the present invention to a patient in need of cancer treatment, 2) the T cell expressing CAR of the present invention for use as an anti-cancer agent, and 3) use of the CAR expressing T cell of the present invention for the preparation of an anti-cancer agent.
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26/53 [00104] Examples of alternative aspect 2 of the present invention may include a kit for the preparation of T-cell expressing CAR, comprising the CAR expression vector of the present invention. The kit is not particularly limited as long as the kit comprises the CAR expression vector of the present invention. The kit may comprise an instruction manual for the preparation of T cells expressing CAR, and a reagent for use in transferring the CAR expression vector of the present invention to T cells.
Example 1
Preparation of T cells expressing IL-7 and CCL19
Selection of the T cell immune enhancing factor [00105] At least several hundred different types of molecules that can control T cell functions are present in vivo. The inventors first selected IL-7 and CCL19 from a huge number of combinations based on previous findings or experiments, as control molecules to further reinforce the antitumor effect of CAR-T cells, and also selected the combination of these two molecules, ie that is, the combination of IL-7 and CCL19, not each isolated. The inventors prepared a vector for the coexpression of these factors to boost the immune function of T cells and CAR.
[00106] IL-7 is an essential cytokine for T cell survival and is produced by non-hematopoietic cells such as stromal cells in the bone marrow, thymus, and lymphatic organs or tissues. On the other hand, it is difficult to find the T cells themselves having the capacity to produce IL-7.
[00107] CCL19 is mainly produced from dendritic cells or lymph node macrophages and has the function of causing the migration of T cells, B cells, or mature dendritic cells through its CCR7 receptor.
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Preparation of the anti-FITC CAR expression vector for IL-7 and CCL19 expression [00108] An anti-FITC CAR DNA fragment (SEQ ID NO: 7) encoding anti-FITC CAR consisting of anti-FITC scFv, a mouse CD8 transmembrane region, and mouse CD28-4-1BB-CD3Z intracellular signal motifs, a F2A-MCS DNA fragment (SEQ ID NO: 8) encoding the 2A (F2A) peptide shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a multicloning site (MCS) following the peptide, and a fragment of DNA IL-7-F2A-CCL19 (SEQ ID NO: 9) encoding mouse IL-7 (without a stop codon) and mouse F2A and CCL19 following the mouse IL-7 were synthesized artificially. In SEQ ID NO: 7, positions 1 to 819 represent a sequence encoding the anti-FITC scFv polypeptide, positions 829 to 1074 represent a sequence encoding the polypeptide of the mouse CD8 transmembrane region, positions 1075 to 1197 represent a sequence encoding the mouse CD28 intracellular region polypeptide, positions 1198 to 1332 represent a sequence encoding the 41BB intracellular region polypeptide, and positions 1333 to 1674 represent a sequence encoding the CD3 intracellular region polypeptide. In SEQ ID NO: 9, positions 1 to 462 represent a sequence encoding IL-7, positions 463 to 537 represent a sequence encoding F2A, and positions 538 to 864 represent a sequence encoding CCL19.
[00109] In order to prepare a CAR vector for the expression of CAR, IL-7, and CCL19, the anti-FITC CAR DNA fragment and the F2A-MCS DNA fragment were ligated to prepare an anti-CAR construct FITC-F2A-MCS. Then, the prepared construct was cloned into a retrovirus expression vector pMSGV (Tamada k et al., Clin Cancer Res 18: 6436-6445 (2002)) to prepare a vector
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28/53 pMSGV containing anti-FITC-F2A-MCS CAR. The IL7-F2A-CCL19 DNA fragment was inserted into the MCS of the pMSGV vector by treatment with restriction enzymes (NsiI and SalI) and ligation to obtain a pMSGV vector containing anti-FITC-F2A-IL-7-F2A-CCL19 CAR ( IL-7 / CCL19 anti-FITC CAR vector). The vector map obtained is shown in Figure 2. In addition, the anti-FITC CAR DNA fragment was cloned into a retrovirus expression vector pMSGV to prepare a pMSGV vector containing anti-FITC CAR as a control (anti-FITC CAR vector Control).
Retrovirus preparation harboring IL-7 / CCL19 anti-FITC CAR vector [00110] For the transduction of mouse T cells, a retrovirus was prepared. A GP2293 packaging cell line (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) was transfected with the aforementioned IL-7 / CCL19 expression anti-FITC CAR vector or control anti-FITC CAR vector and a pCL-Eco plasmid ( manufactured by Imgenex Corp.) using Lipofectamine 2000 or 3000 (manufactured by Life Technologies Corp.) to prepare retroviruses harboring the IL-7 / CCL19 expression anti-FITC CAR vector or the control antiFITC CAR vector. After 48 hours of transfection, a supernatant containing the retrovirus was recovered.
[00111] DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS, 100 U / ml penicillin, and 100 mg / ml streptomycin was used as a culture medium for GP2-293 cells. RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% FCS, 100 U / ml penicillin, 100 mg / ml streptomycin, 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 2 mM L-glutamine was used as a culture medium for the T cells used in the Examples mentioned later.
Mouse T cell transduction [00112] For mouse T cell transduction, 3 χ 10 ⁶
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29/53 purified mouse T cells derived from the spleen and lymph nodes were activated for 48 hours with an immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (3 pg / ml), anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody (1 pg / ml), and IL -2 (100 IU / ml). Then, the supernatant containing the retrovirus prepared in this way harboring the IL-7 / CCL19 expression anti-FITC CAR vector or the control anti-FITC CAR vector was mixed with the activated mouse T cells (1 χ 10 ⁶ cells / ml) in a plate coated with 25 pg / ml RetroNectin (R) (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.). After centrifugation at 1500 rpm for 2 hours, cells were cultured for 6 hours in the presence of IL-2 (100 IU / ml). In order to remove the retrovirus from the culture medium, the mouse T cells were recovered, transferred to a fresh growth culture medium (RPMI) containing IL-2 (100 IU / ml), and then cultured for 42 hours so obtaining mouse T cells harboring the IL-7 / CCL19 expression anti-FITC CAR vector (antiFITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 expressing T cells) or mouse T cells harboring the control anti-FITC CAR vector (cells T expressing anti-FITC CAR).
Preparation of anti-CD20 CAR expression vector for expression of IL-7 and CCL19 [00113] An anti-human CD20 vector containing CD20 CAR-F2A-IL-7-F2ACCL19 (anti-human IL expression CD20 CAR vector -7 / CCL19) was prepared in the same way as in the preparation of the IL-7 / CCL19 expression anti-FITC CAR vector described above with the exception that the sequence of the anti-FITC scFv region contained in the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 was replaced with an anti-human CD20 scFv sequence (SEQ ID NO: 10) synthesized by Life Technologies Corp. based on the rituximab sequence. Likewise, a pMSGV vector containing anti-human CD20 CAR (control anti-human CD20 CAR vector) was prepared from the month
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30/53 so that in the preparation of the control anti-FITC CAR vector described above with the exception that the sequence of the anti-FITC scFv region contained in the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 was replaced with the sequence of the anti-F20 CDF scFv human (SEQ ID NO: 10). The anti-human IL-7 / CCL19 expression CD20 CAR vector or the control anti-human CD20 CAR vector was transferred to mouse T cells in the same manner as above to prepare T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / Anti-human CCL19 or T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR.
Example 2
Flow cytometry CAR expression test
Flow cytometric analysis [00114] The level of CAR expression recognizing FITC as a model antigen was analyzed by two-color flow cytometry. The prepared T-cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were cultured in the presence of dextran bound to FITC and an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody bound to allophycocyanin (APC) (53-6.7 manufactured by Affymetrix, Inc.). EC800 (manufactured by Sony Corp.) was used in flow cytometry, and the data was analyzed using FlowJo software (manufactured by Tree Star, Inc.).
[00115] The level of expression of CAR recognizing human CD20 was also analyzed by two-color flow cytometry. T cells expressing prepared anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were analyzed using biotinylated L protein and APC-linked streptavidin.
Results [00116] Results are shown in Figures 3 to 5. In Figure 3, the graph on the left represents the results on an unstained CAR sample (FITC-linked dextran has not been added) from T cells expressing CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-FITC, and the graph on the right
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31/53 represents the results on a stained CAR sample (FITC-linked dextran was added) from T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL7 / CCL19. In Figure 4, transduction (-) represents the results on non-transduced T cells, Cont. represents the results on T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR, and 7x19 represents the results on T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19. In Figure 5, transduction (-) represents the results on non-transduced T cells, Cont. represents the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, and 7x19 represents the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19. The numerical values in these drawings represent the percentage of each population. As shown in Figures 3 to 5, CAR expression was confirmed on T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 and T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL7 / CCL19.
Example 3
Secretion of IL-7 and CCL19 [00117] Measurement of the concentrations of IL-7 and CCL19 in the T-cell culture supernatant expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 [00118] T-cells expressing CAR-IL-7 / Prepared anti-FITC CCL19 or T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR were stimulated with 1 pg / ml of immobilized FITC-bound trastuzumab and cultured for 3 days. The supernatant was recovered, and the concentrations of IL-7 and CCL19 were measured using a commercially available ELISA kit (manufactured by R&D systems, Inc.). The results are shown in Figure 6.
Results [00119] As shown in Figure 6, in the culture supernatant, IL-7 was detected at 300 pg / ml or more, and CCL19 was detected at 75 pg / ml or more. Therefore, it was confirmed that: T cells expressing
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Anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 express IL-7 and CCL19; and the expressed IL-7 and CCL19 are secreted outside the cells. IL-7 and CCL19 from T cells expressing control anti-FITC CAR both fall below the detection limit (Not detected).
[00120] Measurement of IL-7 and CCL19 concentrations in T-cell culture supernatant expressing CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-FITC - 2) [00121] IL-7 and CCL-19 concentrations after culture by 3, 5, or 7 days with or without stimulation with immobilized FITC-bound trastuzumab or an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody were measured using the ELISA kit. The results are shown in Figure 7. In Figure 7, the open column shows the results obtained without stimulation, the gray column shows the results obtained with stimulation with FITC-bound trastuzumab, and the filled column shows the results obtained with stimulation with an antibody monoclonal anti-CD3. Cont. represents the results on T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR, and 7x19 represents the results on T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19.
Results [00122] As is evident from Figure 7, it was shown that T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 secrete IL7 and CCL-19 out of cells by culture not only for 3 days but for 5 days or 7 days.
[00123] Measurement of IL-7 and CCL19 concentrations in supernatant T-cell culture expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 [00124] Conforms to prepared T-cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL7 / CCL19 or T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, IL-7 and CCL-19 concentrations after culture for 3 days or 5 days with or without simulation with mast cell
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P815 treated with mitomycin C, P815 mast cell genetically recombined to express human CD20 (P815-hCD20), or an immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody were similarly measured using the ELISA kit. The results are shown in Figure 8. In Figure 8, the open column shows the results obtained without stimulation, the diagonally shaded column shows the results obtained with stimulation with P815 treated with mitomycin C, the filled column shows the results obtained with stimulation with P815hCD20 , and the gray column shows the results obtained with stimulation with an immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Cont. represents the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, and 7x19 represents the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19.
Results [00125] As is evident from Figure 8, it was also demonstrated that T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 secrete IL-7 and CCL-19 to the outside of the cells.
Example 4
Number of cells and T-cell survival rate expressing CAR Number of cells and T-cell survival rate expressing CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-FITC [00126] A study was conducted on whether IL-7 or CCL19 produced by cells T expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 will exert biological functions and have an immunity-inducing effect. T cells expressing prepared anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 or T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR were stimulated with 1 pg / ml immobilized FITC-bound trastuzumab and cultured for 3 days, 5 days, or 7 days, and the cells and the supernatant were recovered. The number of cells and the survival rate were analyzed by staining with trypan blue. The results are shown in Figu
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34/53 ras 9 and 10. In Figures 9 and 10, the filled column shows the results on T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19, the open column shows the results on T cells expressing anti-CAR FITC, and the abscissa axis shows the number of days of culture. The statistically significant difference was studied using the Student's t-test (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.005, tp <0.001).
Results [00127] As shown in Figures 9 and 10, cell proliferation and T-cell survival rate expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were both enhanced, demonstrating that IL-7 and CCL19 produced by cells T expressing CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 antiFITC exert biological functions.
Number of T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human [00128] A sample containing T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human (4 χ 10 ⁵ cells) was co-stimulated with mitomycin C and P815-hCD20 in the presence of a mouse IgG2a control isotype, an anti-CD127 neutralizing monoclonal antibody, or an anti-CCR7 neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The cells were cultured for 5 days, and the absolute number of live cells was examined using trypan blue. CD127 is an IL-7 receptor, and CCR7 is a CCL19 receptor. The results are shown in Figure 11. In Figure 11, Iso. Control. represents the results obtained through stimulation with P815-hCD20 in the presence of the control IgG2a isotype, anti-CD127 represents the results obtained through stimulation with P815-hCD20 in the presence of the neutralizing anti-CD127 monoclonal antibody, and anti- CCR7 represents the results obtained by stimulation with P815-hCD20 in the presence of the neutralizing anti-CCR7 monoclonal antibody. In Figure 11, the completed column shows the results on T cells expressing
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Anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19, and the open column shows the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR. Each data was indicated by mean ± standard deviation of 3 wells. *: P <0.05, P <0.001.
Results [00129] As shown in Figure 11, the cell number of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 was also increased, and their cell proliferation rate was enhanced while cell proliferation was inhibited by anti-CD127 , demonstrating that the increase in the rate of cell proliferation works through the IL-7 receptor CD127.
Example 5
T cell migration test
T cell migration test using T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL7 / CCL19 [00130] The chemoattraction effect of CCL19 was studied by a cell migration test using Transwell. The migration properties of the responding T cells were measured by migration through a polycarbonate filter having a pore size of 5 pm using 96 well Transwell (R) chambers (Costar, manufactured by Corning, Inc.). Specifically, T cells expressing anti-FITC CARIL-7 / CCL19 or T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR were stimulated for 3 days with 1 pg / ml of immobilized FITC-bound trastuzumab in the lower chamber. The responding T cells were prepared from the spleen or lymph nodes by negative selection using MACS (R) (manufactured by Miltenyi Biotec GmbH). The responding T cells were marked with CytoTell blue (manufactured by AAT Bioquest, Inc.) and cultured for 3 hours in the top layer. The migration from the upper chamber to the lower chamber was examined by flow cytometry. The results are shown in Figure 12. In Figure
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12, the filled column shows the results on T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19, the open column shows the results on T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR, and the ordinate axis shows the absolute number of responder T cells that migrated to the lower chamber (the same is true for Figures 13 and 14 below). The statistically significant difference was studied using the Student's t-test (* p <0.05).
Results [00131] As shown in Figure 12, T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 allowed a greater number of T cells to migrate to the lower chamber compared to T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR. In lymphocyte transfer therapy (for example, T cells expressing CAR), damage to cancer cells by administered T cells is usually important, and in addition, it is important to activate endogenous T cells (= host immunocytes) originally present in a cancer patient and thus recruit these cells as cells that attack cancer cells. To this end, it is preferable not only to transfer lymphocytes having extra ab antitumor activity, but to cause the active interaction between the transferred T cells and the endogenous T cells by some approach so that the endogenous T cells are accumulated locally for cancer, from the point view of strengthening immunotherapeutic effects. As seen from the results of Figure 12, T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 had the ability to accumulate intrinsic T cells, demonstrating that active interaction between the transferred T cells and the T cells can be induced. endogenous.
Migration test of T cells or dendritic cells using T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 [00132] A sample containing T cells expressing CAR-IL
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7 / CCL19 anti-FITC or T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR (5 χ 10 ⁵ cells) was stimulated with immobilized FITC-bound trastuzumab or an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in the lower Transwell chamber. On day 3, 4 χ 10 ⁵ T cells stained with CytoTell Blue were placed over the upper chamber and incubated for 3 hours or for 5 hours. Likewise, each sample was stimulated with immobilized FITC-bound trastuzumab. On day 3, 4 χ 10 ⁵ dendritic cells stained with CytoTell Blue were placed on the upper chamber and incubated for 3 hours. The responder cells of each type that migrated from the upper chamber to the lower chamber were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results are shown in Figures 13 and 14. In Figures 13 and 14, the filled column shows the results on T-cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19, and the open column shows the results on T cells expressing Anti-FITC CAR. In Figures 13 and 14 and in Figure 15 mentioned later, each data was indicated by mean ± standard deviation of 3 wells. *: P <0.05, **: P <0.01, t: P <0.001, tt: P <0.00001, ¢: P <5 χ 10 ^-5 .
Results [00133] The results of Figures 13 and 14 demonstrated that T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 have a high capacity to accumulate dendritic cells and intrinsic T cells.
T cell migration test using T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 [00134] A sample containing T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 (1 χ 10 ⁵ cells) was co-cultivated with mitomycin C-treated P815-hCD20 in the lower Transwell chamber. On day 3, 4 χ 10 ⁵ T cells stained with CytoTell Blue were placed on the upper chamber and incubated for 3 hours in the presence of a mouse IgG2a control isotype, an anti-CD127 monoclonal antibody, or an anti-CCR7 monoclonal antibody. . the cells
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T responders that migrated from the upper to the lower chamber were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results are shown in Figure 15. In Figure 15, Iso. Control represents the results obtained by stimulation with P815-hCD20 in the presence of the mouse IgG2a control isotype, anti-CD127 represents the results obtained by stimulation with P815 -hCD20 in the presence of anti-CD127 neutralizing monoclonal antibody, and anti-CCR7 represents the results obtained by stimulation with P815hCD20 in the presence of anti-CCR7 neutralizing monoclonal antibody. In Figure 15, the filled column shows the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19, and the open column shows results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR.
Results [00135] As seen from the results in Figure 15, T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 also had a high capacity to accumulate intrinsic T cells, and the accumulation of intrinsic T cells was inhibited by anti-CCR7, demonstrating that the accumulation of intrinsic T cells works through the CCL19 CCR7 receptor.
[00136] The results of Figures 9 to 15 demonstrated that T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 and T cells expressing anti-human CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 CD20 have important effects, indispensable for induction of immunity, of proliferation effectively by IL-7, having a high survival rate, and accumulating locally T cells or dendritic cells for cancer through CCL19, and have an excellent immunity-inducing effect. In short, it has been shown that the expression of the two control molecules, that is, IL-7 and CCL19, in T cells expressing CAR enables the improvement in proliferative potential, in the survival rate, and
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Example 6
T cell proliferative potential [00137] A sample containing T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL7 / CCL19 or T cells expressing control anti-FITC CAR (5 χ 10 ⁵ cells) was stained with CytoTell Blue (manufactured by AAT Bioquest, Inc.), stimulated with immobilized FITC-linked trastuzumab, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. The results on day 5 after the start of stimulation are shown in Figure 16, and the results on days 3 and 7 after the start of stimulation are shown in Figure 17. In Figure 16, the numerical values on the histograms represent the division number cell phone. In Figures 16 and 17, the numerical values on the circle graphs represent the proportion of each gated fraction (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4> the cell division number) for a leukocyte population.
Results [00138] The results of Figures 16 and 17 demonstrated that the proliferative potential of T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 is increased compared to T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR.
Example 7
Expression of CD127 or CCR7 in T cells, dendritic cells, and T cells expressing CAR [00139] unstimulated spleen T cells (naive T cells), spleen T cells stimulated by culture for 2 days with an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, an anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody, and IL-2 (activated T cells), unstimulated spleen dendritic cells (dendritic cells), and T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR (Cont.) and T cells expressing CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-FITC (7χ19) prepared by activation in the same way as in Cam T cell transduction
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40/53 dong of Example 1 were analyzed by flow cytometry and examined for expression of CD127 or CDR7. T cells were a CD3 + CD19 ^- population, T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR and T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were positive populations for FITC-bound dextran beads, and dendritic cells were a CD11c ⁺ population. The results of examining the expression of CD127 are shown in Figure 18, and the results of examining the expression of CCR7 are shown in Figure 19. In these drawings, the numerical values represent the% of positive cells, Cont. represents the results on T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR, and 7x19 represents the results on T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19.
Results [00140] As shown in Figure 18, the expression of CD127 was significantly reduced in activated T cells compared to naive T cells, but it was shown to be higher in T cells expressing anti-CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 FITC than in activated T cells and was restored in relation to naive T cells. As shown in Figure 19, CCR7 expression was reduced by activation in T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19, but it was shown to be kept as high as approximately 67% of expression in naive T cells. So far it has been known that the expression of CD127 or CCR7 is reduced to approximately 1/2 to 1/3 through the activation of T cells. Therefore, even if T cells expressing CAR that express IL-7 or CCL19 are prepared, it considers the effects of IL-7 and CCL19 are shown to be reduced by activating T cells expressing CAR. Therefore, in general, the expression of IL-7 and CCL19 in T cells expressing CAR cannot be expected to enhance the immunity-inducing effect or the antitumor activity of T cells expressing CAR.
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Also in this test, it was possible to confirm that the expression of CD127 or CCR7 was temporarily reduced on day 2 after activation of spleen T cells. Nevertheless, CD127 or CCR7 expression has been shown to be restored on day 4 in T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19. This indicates that the expression of IL-7 and CCL19 in T cells expressing CAR is useful to potentiate their effect of inducing immunity or antitumor activity.
Example 8
Therapeutic effect in mouse tumor models Administration of T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human to mice [00141] 5 x 10 ⁵ P815 mast cell cells genetically recombined to express human CD20 (P815-hCD20) were inoculated via subcutaneous tissue in each mouse with cancer (mouse DBA / 2). After 3 days, 3 x 10 ⁶ T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 or T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR were administered intravenously to the mouse. An untreated group was established as a control by inoculating mast cell P815 in each mouse and not conducting subsequent treatment (without administration of T cells expressing CAR). The tumor volume of a mouse and the survival rate were measured twice a week. In the analysis of the tumor volume, the standard deviation was calculated for each experimental group. The and statistically significant difference between the 3 groups was studied by the Student t-test for the analysis of tumor volume and the log-rank test for examining the survival rate (* P <0.05, ** P <0, 01).
[00142] The results of the examination of the modification in the tumor volumes of the mice are shown in Figure 20, and the results of the examination of the survival rate of the mice are shown in Fi
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42/53 Figure 21. In Figures 20 and 21, the open circle represents the results obtained through the administration of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, the full circle represents the results obtained through the administration of T cells expressing CD20 CAR. -IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human, and the open rhomboid represents the results obtained without administration of T cells expressing CAR in the untreated group. In Figure 20, the abscissa axis shows the days after intravenous administration of the cells to the mice, and the ordinate axis shows the tumor volume (mm ³ ). In Figure 21, the abscissa axis shows the weeks after intravenous administration of the cells to the mice, and the ordinate axis shows the survival rate (%).
Results [00143] As shown in Figures 20 and 21, it was confirmed that the administration of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL7 / CCL19 has the effect of decreasing a tumor volume and improving the survival rate (effect of prolongation of a survival period) compared to administration of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR or no administration of T cells expressing CAR. Therefore, T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 have been shown to have excellent antitumor activity.
Inoculation of anti-cancer agent and T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 to mice) [00144] 5 χ 10 ⁵ P815-hCD20 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in each mouse. On day 10 post-inoculation, a cyclophosphamide anticancer agent (CPA, 100 mg / kg) was administered intraperitoneally to these, and on day 14, 1 χ 10 ⁶ T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human or T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR were administered intravenously to them.
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The results of examining the survival rate of the mice are shown in Figure 22, and the results of examining their tumor volumes are shown in Figures 23 and 24. In Figures 22 to 24, the abscissa axis shows the days after subcutaneous inoculation. of P815-hCD20 (the date of subcutaneous inoculation of P815-hCD20 in mice was defined as day 0), and the ordinate axis shows the survival rate (Figure 22) or tumor volume (Largest tumor e x (Smallest axis tumor) ^2/2 (mm ³⁾⁾ (Figures 23 and 24). Without treatment represents the results obtained in an untreated group, CPA represents the results obtained in a group to which CPA alone, CPA + Cont. represents the results obtained in the group to which T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR were administered after CPA administration, CPA + 7x19 represents the results obtained in the group to which T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human after CPA administration, ef represents the death of a mouse. Figure 24 is a diagram showing 1/10 of the numerical values on the ordinate axis of the CPA + 7x19 graph in Figure 23. Results [00145] As shown in Figure 22, it was demonstrated that the combined use of T cells expressing CD20 CAR -IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human of the present invention and the anti-cancer agent achieves a very high survival rate. As shown in Figures 23 and 24, it has been demonstrated that the combined use of the anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 T cells expressing the present invention and the anti-cancer agent achieves the complete disappearance of the tumor. As shown in Figure 24, the tumor volume was greater on day 10 after subcutaneous inoculation of P815-hCD20. In this respect, the smallest axis was 4.86 mm to 7.25 mm, the largest axis was 5.92 mm to 8.39 mm, and the tumor volume was 69.91 mm ³ to 220.50 mm ³ with 140.02 mm ³
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44/53 on average. The results described above also indicated that the tumor that proliferated temporarily disappeared through treatment with T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human. In the case of the use of T cells expressing CAR of the present invention in combination with an additional anti-cancer agent, it is preferred, to further enhance the antitumor activity of T cells expressing CAR of the present invention, to first decrease a cell number of lymphocytes by using the additional anti-cancer agent and then administer the T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL7 / CCL19, according to the method described above. A similar method can potentiate in vivo homeostasis of T cells expressing CAR.
Example 9
Infiltration effect in tumor tissues [00146] 5 x 10 ⁵ P815-hCD20 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in each mouse. On day 3 post-inoculation, 1 x 10 ⁶ T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 were administered to them. On day 21 post-inoculation, the tumor tissues were cut. The tissue of each mouse was divided into two portions. One of these two portions was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), and the other portion was used in immunohistochemical analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted using the combination of anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies or the combination of anti-CD3 and anti-DEC205 monoclonal antibodies as primary antibodies. IgG2a anti-mouse linked to Alexa Fluor (R) 488 (green) and IgG2b anti-mouse linked to Alexa Fluor (R) 647 (red) were used as secondary antibodies. The cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). The samples stained with H&E and the immunostained fragments were observed microscopically at a magnification of x100 or x200. CD4 and CD8 are markers for T cells, and DEC205 is a marker
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45/53 for dendritic cells. The results of the H&E staining are shown in Figure 25, and the results of the immunohistochemical analysis are shown in Figures 26 (a) and 26 (b). The results of quantification of the positive region marked by each fluorescent stain (CD4 stain (red), CD8 stain (green), CD3 stain (red), DEC205 stain (green), and the coexistence of CD3 and DEC205 (yellow) )) in the data in Figures 26 (a) and 26 (b) using the Hybrid Cell Count program (manufactured by Keyence Corp.) are shown in Figures 27 (a) and 27 (b), respectively. In Figures 25 to 27, without treatment or no treatment represents the results obtained in an untreated group, Cont. represents the results obtained in the group treated with T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, and 7x19 represents the group treated with T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human. Results [00147] From the results of Figure 25, treatment with T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 accelerated necrosis (regions indicated by the arrows), and regions where the nuclei disappeared were observed. The results of Figures 26 (a) and 27 (a) demonstrated that T cells infiltrate cancerous tissues through treatment with T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19. The results of Figures 26 (b) and 27 (b) demonstrated that dendritic cells together with T cells infiltrate cancerous tissues through treatment with T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19. Example 10
Therapeutic effect produced by combining IL-7 and CCL19 on the tumor [00148] 5 x 10 ⁵ P815-hCD20 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in each DBA / 2 mouse. On day 3 post-inoculation, 1 x
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10 ⁶ T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 which expressed IL-7 alone as the immune function enhancing factor (not expressing CCL19), T cells expressing CD20 CAR- Anti-human CCL19 which expressed isolated CCL19 as the immune function enhancing factor (not expressing IL-7), or anti-human CD20 CARIL-7 / CCL19 T cells expressing IL-7 and CCL19 were administered via intravenous to these. A group of control mice was established without administration of T cells expressing CAR which expressed neither IL-7 nor CCL19. On day 10 post-administration, the largest and smallest axis of the tumor were measured, and the tumor volume (mm ³ ) was calculated in the same way as above. The results are shown in Figure 28. In Figure 28, No treatment represents the results obtained without the administration of T cells expressing CAR, Control CAR represents the results obtained through the administration of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, IL-7 CAR represents the results obtained through the administration of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7, CCL19 CAR represents the results obtained through the administration of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CARCCL19, and IL-7 / CCL19 CAR represents the results obtained by administering T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19.
[00149] T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 were obtained by preparing a pMSGV vector containing anti-human CD20 CAR-F2A-IL-7 (anti-human CD20 CAR vector for IL-7 expression) and transferring this vector for mouse T cells in the same way as in Mouse T cell transduction of Example 1. Likewise, T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-CCL19 were obtained by preparing a pMSGV vector
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47/53 containing anti-human CD20 CAR-F2A-CCL19 (vector of anti-human CD20 CAR of CCL19 expression) and transferring this vector to mouse T cells in the same manner as in Example 1 mouse T cell transduction. The preparation of each vector was performed according to the method of Preparation of anti-FITC CAR expression vector for expression of IL-7 and CCL19 or Preparation of anti-CD20 CAR expression vector for expression of IL-7 and CCL19 from Example 1. A sequence from positions 1 to 462 and a stop codon after these positions in SEQ ID NO: 9 was used as a sequence encoding IL-7. A sequence of positions 538 to 864 in SEQ ID NO: 9 was used as a sequence encoding CCL19. The results are shown in Figure 28. Results [00150] As shown in Figure 28, administration of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 or T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-CCL19 only showed an effect of inhibition of tumor growth equivalent or slightly less than the effect by means of the administration of the T cells expressing control anti-human CD20 CAR, whereas the tumor almost disappeared through the administration of the T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / Anti-human CCL19. Therefore, although IL7 or CCL19 alone is unlikely to have a tumor growth inhibiting effect, it has been shown that the combination of IL-7 and CCL19 produces a very high tumor growth inhibiting effect. Example 11
Cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in a ⁵¹ Cr - 1 release test
Selection of the T-cell immune enhancing factor [00151] In the microenvironment of cancerous tissues, inhibitory signals are transduced to the immunocytes so that the response
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48/53 immune antitumor response is inhibited to thereby mitigate the effect of immunotherapy. The inhibitory signals for the immunocytes are transduced by SHP-1 or SHP-2. Therefore, in cancer T cell therapy, the anti-tumor effect can be enhanced by enabling the T cells themselves to produce a dominant negative mutant that inhibits the effect of SHP-1 or SHP-2. Therefore, a vector was prepared for the coexpression of a dominant negative mutant inhibiting the effects of SHP-1 or SHP-2, and CAR, and the cytotoxic activity against tumor cells was examined.
CAR expression vector preparation for SHP1 or SHP2 dominant negative mutant expression [00152] A DNA fragment encoding a mouse SHP1 dominant negative mutant (SHP1DN) containing a mutation of a catalytic cysteine residue at position 453 to serine ( C453S) was prepared by PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis. A DNA fragment encoding a dominant negative mouse SHP2 mutant (SHP2DN) containing a mutation of a catalytic cysteine residue at position 459 to serine (C459S) was synthesized by Life Technologies Corp. it is used. A nucleotide sequence encoding the mouse SHP1DN is shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and a nucleotide sequence encoding the mouse SHP2DN is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12. 3 bases at positions 1357 to 1359 in SEQ ID NO: 11 and at positions 1375 to 1377 in SEQ ID NO: 12 are mutated sites. DNA fragments encoding SHP1DN or SHP2DN were inserted into the MCS of the pMSGV vector containing anti-human CD20 scFv CAR-F2A-MCS in the course of preparing the IL7 / CCL19 expression anti-human CD20 CAR vector in Example 2 to obtain an SHP1DN expression human CD20 CAR vector and an SHP2DN expression human CD20 CAR vector, respectively. Maps of
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49/53 vectors obtained are shown in Figure 29.
Mouse T cell transduction [00153] The SHP1DN expression anti-human CD20 CAR vector or SHP2DN expression anti-human CD20 CAR vector was transferred to mouse T cells in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CARSHP1DN and T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-SHP2DN, respectively. T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CARs prepared in Example 1 were used as a control.
Cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in ⁵¹ Cr release test [00154] The cytotoxic activity of T cells expressing CAR against tumor was measured by the ⁵¹ Cr release test for 4 hours of routine. P815 expressing human CD20 (P815-hCD20) was used as target tumor cells. Tumor cells were collected, cultured at 37 ° C for 1 hour in the presence of 100 pCi of Na2 ⁵¹ CrO4, and then washed three times. Then, the tumor cells were co-cultured with T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-SHP1DN, or T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-SHP2DN as effector T cells. The proportion of effectors / target was adjusted to 0.6, 1.25, 2.5, 5, or
10. Maximum release and spontaneous release of target cells were measured by culturing the cells in a culture medium containing 10% Triton-X (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.) Or the culture medium alone. The ⁵¹ Cr release of the supernatant was measured using the TopCount scintillation counter (manufactured by PerkinElmer, Inc.). The percentage of specific cytotoxicity was calculated according to the equation: Specific cytotoxicity (%) = [(Test release - Spontaneous release) / (Maximum release - Spontaneous release)
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50/53 tân)] χ 100. The results are shown in Figure 30. In Figure 30 (a), the open circle represents the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, and the full circle represents the results on the T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-SHP1DN. In Figure 30 (b), the open circle represents the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, and the full circle represents the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-SHP2DN. The abscissa axis indicates the ratio between effectors (T cells) and the target (tumor cells) by an E / T ratio, and the ordinate axis shows specific cytotoxicity (%). The statistically significant difference was studied using the Student's t-test (* p <0.05).
[00155] As shown in Figure 30, T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-SHP1DN and T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-SHP2DN have been shown to have significantly greater cytotoxic activity against tumor cells than that of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR.
Example 12
Cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in a ⁵¹ Cr - 2 release test [00156] P815-hCD20 (1 χ 10 ⁴ cells / well) was mixed with T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR (Cont., Circle) or T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 (7χ19, square) in an effector / target (E / T) ratio of 0.155625, 0.3125, 0.625, 2.5, 5, or 10 in the presence of rituximab not labeled (Ab, open) or linked to FITC (FITC-Ab, filled). As above, the release of ⁵¹ Cr from the supernatant was measured, and the percentage of cytotoxic activity was calculated. The results are shown in Figure 31. In Figure 31, the full circle represents the results obtained by mixing with T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR in the presence of rituxi
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51/53 mab linked to FITC, the open circle represents the results obtained by mixing with T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR in the presence of unlabeled rituximab, the full square represents the results obtained by mixing with T cells expressing CAR-IL7 / Anti-FITC CCL19 in the presence of FITC-bound rituximab, and the open square represents the results obtained by mixing with T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 in the presence of unlabeled rituximab.
[00157] 815-hCD20 (1 χ 10 ⁴ cells / well) was mixed with T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR or T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 in an effector / target ratio (E / T) of 0.3125, 0.625, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20. As above, the release of ⁵¹ Cr from the supernatant was measured, and the percentage of cytotoxic activity was calculated. The results are shown in Figure 32. In Figure 32, the filled circle represents the results obtained by mixing with the T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19, and the open circle represents the results obtained by mixing with the anti-human T cells. T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR.
Results [00158] As shown in Figures 31 and 32, it was shown that T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 maintain cytotoxic activity per cell against tumor cells at the same level as that of T cells expressing anti-FITC CAR . Likewise, T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 have been shown to maintain cytotoxic activity per cell against tumor cells at the same level as that of T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR.
Example 13
In vivo survival of T cells expressing CAR and differentiation in
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52/53 memory T cells Flow cytometry analysis [00159] 5 χ 10 ⁵ P815-hCD20 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in each DBA / 2 mouse. On day 10 post-inoculation, a cyclophosphamide anticancer agent (CPA, 100 mg / kg) was administered intraperitoneally to these, and on day 14, 1 χ 10 ⁶ T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human or T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR were administered intravenously to them. On day 21 post-administration of T cells expressing CAR, leukocytes were isolated from the spleen or regional tumor lymph nodes (subaxillary area, forearm, and inguinal region). The results of CD4, CD8, CD44, and CD62L analysis for superficial leukocyte phenotypes by flow cytometry are shown in Figure 33. Spleen leukocytes were stimulated by culture for 4 days with mitomycin-treated P815-hCD20. results of examining T cell proliferation by flow cytometry are shown in Figure 34. CAR expression was confirmed using biotinylated L protein and APC-linked streptavidin. In Figure 33, the numerals represent the proportions of the respective regions gated on CD4 ⁺ T cells and CD8 ⁺ T cells (CD62L + CD44 ^- : naive T cells, CD62L ⁺ CD44 ⁺ : central memory T cells, CD62L ^- CD44 ⁺ : cells Effector memory T's). In Figure 34, the numerals represent the proportion of T cells positive for L protein. In Figures 33 and 34, Cont. represents the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR, and 7χ19 represents the results on T cells expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19.
Results [00160] The results shown in Figures 33 and 34 demonstrated that the memory T cells are enlarged in the spleens and lymph nodes of the mice to which the T cells expressing CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 anti-human were administered, and the cells
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T expressing anti-human CD20 CAR-IL-7 / CCL19 that survive in mice proliferate strongly by co-culture with tumor cells expressing human CD20. Along with the survival rate results in Figures 21 and 22, these results suggest that the CAR expressing T cells of the present invention survive effectively in vivo in a receptor and also have the ability to extinguish cancer cells and reinforce a rate of survival by becoming memory T cells, and indicated that the CAR expressing T cells of the present invention are also effective in preventing cancer recurrence.
Industrial Applicability [00161] The use of the CAR expression vector of the present invention enables the preparation of CAR-T cells having both the viability and the capacity to accumulate lymphocytes, and CAR-T cells having resistance to immunosuppression in a cancerous microenvironment. Therefore, the CAR expression vector of the present invention is applicable to the field of cancer immunotherapy.

权利要求:
Claims (6)
[1]
1. Vector of expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), characterized by the fact that it comprises a nucleic acid that encodes a CAR and a nucleic acid that encodes a reinforcing factor of T cell immune function, being that the nucleic acid CAR encoding comprises a nucleic acid encoding polypeptides of a single chain antibody that recognizes a cell surface antigen on a cancer cell, a transmembrane region, and a signal transduction region that induces activation of a T cell, and being that the nucleic acid encoding an immune function enhancing factor comprises a nucleic acid encoding interleukin-7 and a nucleic acid encoding CCL19.
[2]
2. CAR expression vector according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the nucleic acid encoding CAR and the nucleic acid encoding a factor enhancing T cell immune function are linked by nucleic acids encoding a self-cleaving peptide.
[3]
CAR expression vector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nucleic acid encoding interleukin-7 and the nucleic acid encoding CCL19 are linked by nucleic acids encoding an autocleaving peptide.
[4]
CAR expression vector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nucleic acid encoding CAR contains a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide of a single chain antibody that recognizes FITC or CD20.
[5]
CAR expression vector according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nucleic acid
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2/2 encoding CAR contains a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide from a CD8 transmembrane region.
[6]
CAR expression vector according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the nucleic acid encoding CAR contains nucleic acids encoding polypeptides from an intracellular CD28 region, an intracellular 4-1BB region, and a region intracellular CD3 <.

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2018-05-02| B65Y| Grant of priority examination of the patent application (request complies with dec. 132/06 of 20061117)|

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2018-05-02| B07D| Technical examination (opinion) related to article 229 of industrial property law [chapter 7.4 patent gazette]|

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2018-11-21| B07E| Notice of approval relating to section 229 industrial property law [chapter 7.5 patent gazette]|Free format text: NOTIFICACAO DE ANUENCIA RELACIONADA COM O ART 229 DA LPI |

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2019-02-26| B07A| Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|

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2019-06-25| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2019-11-26| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-01-21| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 06/10/2015, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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JP2014208200|2014-10-09|

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PCT/JP2015/005080|WO2016056228A1|2014-10-09|2015-10-06|Car expression vector and car-expressing t cells|

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